PASSEMENTERIE A GUIDE

17th Century Passementerie

Passementerie is the art of creating elaborate trimmings, such as tassels, fringes, braids, cords, galloons (woven bands), and gimps, typically used to decorate textiles, furniture, and clothing. The word comes from the French ‘Passement’, meaning “ornamental edging or trimming.” In interior design, passementerie elevates upholstery, curtains, cushions, and wall coverings, adding refinement and visual richness.

History of Passementerie

Ancient Civilisations (3,000 BCE – 500 CE)

• Egypt: Linen cords, fringes, and beadwork adorned garments, ceremonial cloths, and furniture. Fringes were both decorative and symbolic — cut edges of fabric were often knotted into fringes to prevent unraveling. Some of the earliest tassels where found in Egyptian tombs.

• Greece & Rome: Decorative borders and cords embellished togas, military cloaks, and home textiles. Roman couches  and curtains sometimes featured woven trims, often in contrasting colours.

Early Medieval Period (500–1000 CE)

Decorative cords reinforced the sacred and ceremonial roles of fabrics in churches and royal courts.

High & Late Middle Ages (1000–1500 CE)

Antique tassels

• Guilds Established: By the 13th century, European artisans specialising in trimmings formed organised guilds. France and Italy became key centres.

• Materials: Silk, gold, and silver threads were common in church vestments and By royalty.

• Secular Use Expands: Nobility used passementerie on canopies, bed hangings, and ceremonial garments.

• Cottage Industry:Trims were often made by single women, married women needed their husbands permission. They would also make lace and ribbons.

• Passementerie became a marker of hierarchy: the more elaborate the trim, the higher the status.

Renaissance (16th Century)

• Decorative trimmings flourished alongside innovations in textile weaving.

• Passementiers in France and Venice refined tassel-making to an art form.

• Huguenots helped to bring the craft to the Uk.

• Interiors of palaces began featuring heavy use of tassels, fringes, and cords on curtains, bed drapes, and upholstered furniture.

• Passementerie was used not only for embellishment but also to hide construction seams on furniture and fabric panels.

Baroque & Louis XIV’s France (17th Century)

• Golden Age of Passementerie: Under Louis XIV, Versailles became the epicentre of opulent decoration. The King supported guilds of passementiers, who gained great prestige.

• Tassels (glands) became highly elaborate, often featuring multiple layers of silk, metallic threads, and tiny ornaments called bouillons.

• Heavy draperies in state rooms were trimmed with fringes and braids; furniture edges finished with gilded galloons and cords.

• Passementerie was so prized it was inventoried separately from furniture in estate records, often more valuable than the textile itself.

Antique passemnterie

18th Century (Rococo & Neoclassicism)

• The Rococo style emphasised playful, delicate ornamentation. Passementerie reflected this shift with lighter, more intricate trimmings in pastels and florals.

• Neoclassical interiors used simpler galloons and narrow braids with geometric motifs, in keeping with Greco-Roman inspiration.

• Passementerie also became fashionable in women’s dress — trims on gowns and accessories mirrored those in interiors.

19th Century (Empire, Victorian, & Revival Styles)

• Empire Style (early 1800s): Passementerie became bold and classical, using strong cords, laurel motifs, and tassels in Napoleonic interiors.

• Victorian Period (mid–late 1800s): This was a second great age of passementerie. Heavy fringes, bullion tassels, and layered braids adorned:

• Curtains with pelmets and swags

• Deep-buttoned upholstery with skirts trimmed in fringe

• Lampshades with dramatic beaded fringes

• Industrialisation allowed mass production, making passementerie accessible beyond the aristocracy. Even middle-class homes had fringed antimacassars, cushion trims, and tasseled draperies.

Modern upholstry trim and tassels

20th Century

• Early 1900s (Edwardian & Art Nouveau): Passementerie was lighter and more stylized, often featuring floral and organic motifs.

• 1920s–30s (Art Deco): Geometric galloons and bold cords reflected modernist aesthetics. Fringe took on a new role in fashion (think flapper dresses), though interiors used it more sparingly.

• Mid-20th Century (Modernism): With the rise of minimalist design, passementerie fell out of favour. Designers like Le Corbusier and Mies van der Rohe rejected decorative trims in favour of clean lines.

• Late 20th Century: Historicist revivals (French Provincial, English Country House, Hollywood Regency) brought passementerie back in decorative interiors. 

  21st Century

• Selective Use: Today, passementerie is often used sparingly — not as lavish covering, but as accents to highlight craftsmanship. But there is a maxamalist movement in interior design which is bringing back the use of passementerie, to decorate curtains, cushions and on sofas.

• Modern Adaptations:

• Natural fibres (linen, cotton) instead of silk

• Minimalist cords and monochrome braids for contemporary interiors

• Tassels and fringes reimagined in playful, oversized, or colourful ways in eclectic and bohemian design

• Luxury Interiors: In high-end residential and hospitality projects, passementerie is still a hallmark of custom drapery and upholstery, referencing centuries of tradition.

Antique Tassel

Styles of Passementerie & Their Use

1. Tassels (Glands)

Description: A bundle of threads, silk cords, or metallic strands tied together at one end with a decorative “head” or cap.

Examples:

• French Baroque Tassels: Large silk tassels with multiple layers, often paired with metallic bouillons (curled threads).

• Victorian Key Tassels: Smaller tassels hung from cabinet or wardrobe keys.

• Contemporary Tassels: Oversized cotton or wool tassels used on bohemian cushions or curtain tiebacks.

• Drapery Tiebacks: Luxurious tassel tiebacks can transform plain curtains into focal points.

• Furniture Keys: Tassels add a romantic or historical feel when tied to armoire or bureau keys.

• Cushions & Throws: Small corner tassels add whimsy and movement.

• Lighting: Used as finials on lamps or chandelier embellishments in traditional interiors.

Fringed cushions

2. Fringe

Description: A decorative edging of hanging threads, cords, or beads.

Examples:

• Bullion Fringe: Long, twisted cords of silk or metallic thread, used heavily in 19th-century parlours.

• Brush Fringe: Soft, dense threads cut evenly like a brush, often found on cushions or lampshades.

• Beaded Fringe: Glass beads or crystals strung together, popular in Art Deco and Victorian lampshades.

• Loop Fringe: Rounded thread loops used on lightweight fabrics or casual trims.

• Curtains & Valances: Adds weight and movement to draperies.

• Furniture: Applied along sofa bases, ottoman skirts, or armchair edges.

• Cushions & Bedding: Adds texture and a tactile finish.

• Lighting: Beaded or brush fringe softens lamp edges, creating a vintage glow.

Modern cushions decorated with braid.

3. Braids & Gimps 

Description: Narrow woven trims, often geometric, used for edging and concealing raw fabric edges.

Examples:

• Gimp Braid: A flat, narrow, slightly raised braid with a scrolling or wavy pattern.

• Herringbone or Chevron Braids: Woven bands with zigzag or geometric motifs.

• Metallic Galloon Braid: Gold or silver woven band, often used in ceremonial or ecclesiastical textiles.

• Upholstery: Covers seams, tacks, or staples along the edges of chairs, sofas, and headboards.

• Curtains: Applied to the leading edges of drapery panels as a decorative border.

• Accent Decoration: Outlines cushions, lampshades, or wall panels for contrast.

• Tailored Finishes: Offers a neat, subtle trim in contemporary interiors where tassels and fringes may feel too ornate 

Decorative Ropes

4. Cords & Ropes

Description: Twisted strands of fibres, silk, or metallic threads, often plied in contrasting colors.

Examples:

• Silk Ropes: Common in Baroque interiors, often finished with tassel ends.

• Two-Tone Twisted Cords: Popular in French Provincial upholstery.

• Natural Linen Rope: Contemporary eco-friendly variant, often used in rustic interiors.

• Drapery Tiebacks: Rope tiebacks provide a simple or dramatic alternative to hardware.

• Piping (Corded Edges): Outlines cushions, bolsters, and bedding.

• Furniture Outlines: Adds a dimensional border to armchairs, sofas, and ottomans.

• Architectural Detailing: Thick cords or ropes applied as borders around mirrors, doorframes, or paneling.

Antique Metallic Gallion

  5. Galloons & RibbonsDescription: Flat, woven bands of silk, cotton, or metallic thread; can be patterned or plain.

Examples:

• Gold Galloon: Wide, metallic band used on military uniforms and Baroque furniture.

• Velvet Ribbon with Metallic Edge: Popular in Rococo and Victorian interiors.

• Modern Graphic Banding: Clean woven bands in solid or geometric colors for a contemporary edge.

• Borders on Curtains: Runs vertically along the leading edge or bottom hem.

• Wall Coverings: Frames fabric wall panels or wallpaper for a formal effect.

• Furniture Trim: Adds a band of contrast along upholstered chairs or benches.

• Graphic Accent: Modern designers use galloon-like bands to add bold lines on neutral textiles.

Modern Key Tassel

6. Key Tassels (Smaller Category)

Description: Miniature tassels, functional yet decorative.

Examples:

• 18th-Century French Key Tassels: Found on armoires and desks in aristocratic homes.

• Victorian Desk Tassels: Decorative pulls for drawers and cabinets.

• Contemporary Versions: Leather or linen tassels on minimalist furniture.

• Cabinetry & Hardware: Adds charm to wardrobes, bureaus, and desks.

• Decorative Accessories: Used as ornaments on baskets, door handles, or even books.

• Layered Detail: Creates a sense of history and craftsmanship in otherwise simple furniture.  

Contemporary upholstery trim used on sofa cushion and curtain

How Each Style is Used Today

• Traditional/Classical Interiors: Tassels, bullion fringe, and galloon braids maintain authenticity in period-style homes.

• Eclectic & Bohemian Styles: Bold brush fringes, colourful tassels, and beaded trims inject playfulness and texture.

• Minimalist/Modern Interiors: Cords, narrow braids, and tonal banding provide clean finishes without overwhelming decoration.

• Luxury Hospitality: Passementerie continues to appear in hotels, luxury homes, theatres, and palaces where grandeur and ceremony are emphasised.

Contemporary upholstery used on sofa and cushions

A GUIDE TO RENOVATING GEORGIAN PROPERTY

Renovating a Georgian property is both a challenge and a pleasure, There are many features which make up a typical Georgian home, this guide will talk you through what you need to consider when renovating one.

The Georgian era ranged from 1714 - 1837, Typical Georgian features include large tall windows, high ceilings, simple and elegant design, symmetry and  classical proportions. Installing mod cons sympathetically is part of the renovation process, to make your home comfortable.

Many Georgian houses are listed, If you live in a listed property check with your local planning office that all changes will be approved.

• Throughout the house: Replace radiators with cast iron period column radiators for a sympathetic historical look, although not Georgian they will work well with Georgian style.

  The Grand Hallway: Making an Entrance

• The hallway of a Georgian home gives you the first impression, setting the tone for what’s to come. When you walk through the door,  you want to feel the hallway is inviting grand and elegant.

• Restoring Cornices and Mouldings: Georgian hallways often feature beautiful plaster mouldings and cornices. These might have been hidden under layers of paint or damaged over the years. If any details are missing, a skilled plaster specialist can recreate them to match the original design. It is also possible to buy plaster reproduction to replace what might no longer be there.
  

• Flooring: If your Georgian hallway has its original black-and-white chequered flooring or flagstones, restoring these adds a real sense of history. If they’re beyond saving,   you can  find materials like reclaimed stone or wood  or tiles to keep the period look authentic.
  

• Lighting: The hallway needs to feel welcoming. You could install a grand chandelier or subtle wall lights, but keep the fixtures classic . Brass or wrought-iron finishes work well, complementing the historical feel.
  

• Colour Palette: Georgian hallways were often painted in soft, neutral tones like pale creams, warm greys, and muted greens. These colours help to reflect light and make the hallway feel spacious and elegant.

• Furniture : If the hallway is big enough install a statement antique chair, console table and accessorise with a mirror and artworks.
  

 The Living Room: Restoring Elegance

• Living rooms in Georgian homes were designed to impress, and the key to restoring this space is all about balance – keeping the period features, but making it cosy and liveable.

• Fireplaces: A grand Georgian fireplace is the heart of the living room. Restoring an original marble or cast-iron fireplace can make a huge difference. If the original fireplace is gone, source a reclaimed or reproduction fireplace surround.
  

• Cornices and Ceiling Roses: The ceiling details in Georgian homes are works of art in themselves. If your living room has intricate cornices or a beautiful ceiling rose, they should be restored carefully. If they’ve been lost over time, you can  buy them from a specialist plaster shop.
  

• Sash Windows: The tall, elegant sash windows are one of the standout features of Georgian properties. Restoring the original sash windows – complete with their pulleys and weights – is important to maintain the character of the room. They can be draught-proofed without losing any of their charm. If the window is deep enough  an additional pain of glass can be installed to make the window double glazed.

• Flooring: Polished wooden floors were a typical feature of Georgian dining rooms. If you have original floorboards, restore them to their former glory. If not, opt for period-style flooring that complements the room’s formal feel. Choose a large oriental wool rug to make the room feel cosy
  

• Colours: Choose soft, muted tones like pale greys, soft greens, muted pinks or dusty blues for the living room. These colours were popular in Georgian times and will help the room feel calm and elegant, while also letting the period details shine.

• Lighting: Install a beautiful chandelier, and wall sconces, they are like jewellery on a beautiful woman,  and will complement the beauty of the room. A glass or crystal antique chandelier or a modern Murano chandelier all work in this space.

• Furnishing a Georgian Lining room; Using reupholstered Regency or Georgian antique sofas and armchairs would be very appropriate. Also carefully chosen modern pieces, accessorised with antique mirrors and artworks modern or traditional .
  

The Dining Room: 

• In a Georgian home, the dining room was often a formal space for entertaining. Restoring this room gives you the chance to embrace the grand, slightly dramatic atmosphere that was common at the time.

• Fireplace: As in the living room, the fireplace is key. Restoring or replacing it with a period-appropriate stone or marble surround adds instant impact.
  

• Wall Panelling and Mouldings: Many Georgian dining rooms featured wall panelling or dado rails, along with decorative plaster mouldings. If these features are missing, it’s worth considering adding them back. They bring depth and character to the room.
  

• Flooring: Polished wooden floors were a typical feature of Georgian dining rooms. If you have original floorboards, restore them to their former glory. If not, opt for period-style flooring that complements the room’s formal feel.
  

• Rich Colours: Georgian dining rooms often used dramatic, darker tones like deep reds, dark greens, and rich blues. These colours give the room a warm, intimate feel.

• Furnishing: A beautiful antique table and chairs would look beautiful in this room, and could be reupholstered to match the scheme. Alternatively a modern table and chairs chosen for the space would also work well. Again beautiful lighting, a chandelier and wall sconces are essential in this room.
  

The Heritage-Style Kitchen: A Mix of Old and New

• Georgian kitchens were vastly different from the ones we’re used to today. So, when renovating, it’s important to blend the old with the new, creating a kitchen that’s practical but still fits in with the rest of the house.

• Cabinetry: Look for shaker-style cabinets – they’re timeless and work beautifully in a heritage-style kitchen. Painted in soft colours like sage green, cream, or light grey, they look classic but offer all the modern storage solutions you need. Handles should be chosen in heritage materials, pewter, brass or copper, and  chosen well will enhance the cabinetry.
  

• Fireplace or Hearth: Many Georgian kitchens had large hearths. If yours still has one, it’s worth restoring, even if it’s just as a feature. You could use it to frame a modern range cooker or keep it as a decorative nod to the past.
  

• Worktops and Splash backs: Use natural materials like wood, marble, or stone for the worktops. These materials feel warm and authentic, fitting seamlessly into the period style. For splash backs, simple tiles or natural stone add a subtle but effective touch.
  

• Flooring: A kitchen with stone or wood floors will feel instantly grounded in history. Limestone or flagstone flooring is practical and long-lasting, while wide, reclaimed oak boards give the room a rustic yet refined look.
  

• Colours: Soft heritage tones like off-whites, greys, greens or subtle blues will help the kitchen feel light and airy, while still staying true to the Georgian period.

• Lighting: The Lights could be pendants or  a traditional style light fitting matched to the metal handles used on cabinetry.

• Furnishing: A reclaimed farmhouse table and chairs, or bench seating would work best in this space. Also consider a modern table and chairs as a juxtaposition to the traditional. Roman blinds would complement as a window treatment.
  

The Bedrooms: Simple and Serene

• Bedrooms in Georgian homes tend to be more understated, with simpler features compared to the grander living spaces. Restoring them is about creating a calm, comfortable space that still reflects the history of the home.

• Fireplaces: Many Georgian bedrooms have small, cast-iron fireplaces. Restoring these can add an elegant focal point to the room, even when they’re no longer in use.
  

• Mouldings and Plasterwork: While the decorative plasterwork in bedrooms is often less elaborate than in other rooms, it’s still important to restore or recreate the original mouldings to keep the period feel intact.
  

• Sash Windows: Like the rest of the house, the sash windows in the bedrooms should be carefully restored. Ensuring they work properly and are draught-proofed will help make the room comfortable without losing any of its character.
  

• Colour Scheme: For bedrooms, choose soft, restful tones like pale blues, soft pinks light greys, or creams. These colours create a peaceful atmosphere, in keeping with the simplicity and elegance of Georgian design.
  

• Furnishings: Either use antique beds or a divan with a statement headboard, antique or modern bedside tables, chosen for their simple craftsmanship, with turned details. If there’s room add softly upholstered armchair. Accessorise with oriental woollen rugs mirrors and picture frames, some wall lights and smaller chandeliers should be considered.

The Bathroom: Modern Comfort with a Period Twist

• Bathrooms as we know them didn’t exist in Georgian homes, so this space requires a thoughtful approach. You want modern convenience but with a nod to the past.

• Sanitary ware: Opt for Victorian-style fittings, like a freestanding clawfoot bathtub and a traditional pedestal sink. An antique chest of draws can also be used as a base for a sink. These aren’t strictly Georgian, but they evoke a classic feel that fits well with the rest of the house. Shower fittings should be open pipework Victorian style.
  

• Flooring: Go for natural stone, marble, or traditional floor tiles. Geometric black-and-white patterns or simple stone finishes will keep the bathroom in line with the home’s historical charm.
  

• Colours: Keep the bathroom light and fresh with soft whites, light greys, green or subtle blues. Brass, copper or nickel fittings also add a classic touch.
  

• Bringing It All Together

• Renovating a Georgian property is all about balancing the old with the new. By restoring original features like mouldings, fireplaces, and sash windows, and carefully introducing modern comforts, you can create a home that feels both timeless and practical.Every room has its own character, and by using historically appropriate paint colours, natural materials, and sympathetic design choices, you can respect the heritage of the house while making it your own. It’s a delicate process, but when done well you will have a rewarding and beautiful result.

A GUIDE TO RENOVATING VICTORIAN PROPERTIES

History and Style of Victorian Houses

Victorian houses were built during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837–1901) and encompass a wide variety of architectural styles, including Gothic Revival, Italianate, Folk Victorian, Jacobeathan and Queen Anne. These homes are known for their ornate detailing, rich materials, and intricate craftsmanship, reflecting the prosperity and ambition of the era. Victorian homes had more elaborate detailing than Georgian homes, characterised by gothic features, and the use of new materials coloured glass and metal, made possible by the industrial revolution.

Victorian houses are characterised by:

• Elaborate facades featuring decorative brickwork, bay windows, and stone embellishments.
  

• High ceilings and grand proportions.
  

• Ornate plasterwork, including ceiling roses and cornices.
  

• Stained glass windows with intricate designs.
  

• Patterned floor tiles, particularly in hallways and entrances.
  

• Heavy wooden doors with decorative ironmongery.
  

• Fireplaces in almost every room, often featuring carved wood, marble, or cast iron.
  

• Dado and Picture Rails, adding decorative and practical elements to walls.

• Wallpaper Characterised by elaborate patterns, rich colors, and intricate designs, Victorian wallpaper reflected the era's fascination with ornamentation and the revival.

Renovation Tips

Many original features would have been removed during the 1960’s and 70’s where the Victorian aesthetic was unfashionable.

When renovating a Victorian home, it is essential to balance historical features with modern functionality. Here are key considerations:

Restoring Period Features

• Windows & Doors: Preserve original sash windows and solid wooden doors where possible, or use high-quality replicas.If the windows have shutters replace of repair them.Add secondary glazing if you have the original windows.
  

• Fireplaces: Open up even if only using them as a decorative feature. Restore or replace with Victorian-style cast-iron or tiled fireplaces.
  

• Flooring: Keep or reinstate original wooden floors, encaustic tiles, or parquet.
  

• Plasterwork & Cornices: Strip paint, and remove any mould. Repair or replicate decorative mouldings to maintain period authenticity. Replace or repair ceiling roses.
  

• Dado Rails & Picture Rails: Preserve or reinstate these features to enhance period charm and break up wall space aesthetically.
  

Enhancing Natural Light

Victorian homes can be dark due to their narrow windows and deep layouts. Consider:

• Adding larger windows or French doors to increase natural light.
  

• Installing skylights in extensions or loft conversions.
  

• Using light-reflective colour palettes and mirrors to brighten spaces.
  

Modern Comforts with Period Features.

• Kitchen Extensions: A sensitive rear extension can provide modern open-plan living while retaining period features.
  

• Bathroom Upgrades: Introduce traditional fittings such as clawfoot baths and high-level cistern toilets.
  

• Energy Efficiency: Improve insulation and introduce secondary glazing to retain heat while preserving original windows.
  

Room-by-Room Renovation Guide

Hallways & Entrances

Victorian hallways make a bold first impression with tiled floors and decorative archways.

• Flooring: Restore original encaustic or geometric tiles or install Victorian-style replicas.
  

• Colour Palette: Deep greens, heritage blues, or rich burgundies for an opulent feel.
  

• Lighting: Ornate pendant lights or period wall sconces.
  

• Doors & Windows: Retain or restore stained glass and decorative fanlights.
  

Living Rooms

Typically formal spaces with grand fireplaces and bay windows.

• Colour Palette: Rich jewel tones like emerald green, deep navy, or dark red. Wallpaper is also very appropriate for Victorian rooms
  

• Fireplace: Retain or restore a Victorian cast-iron fireplace with decorative tiling.
  

• Ceilings: Preserve intricate ceiling roses and cornicing.
  

• Dado & Picture Rails: Use dado rails to separate two-tone wall colours and picture rails to elegantly frame artwork.
  

• Furniture: Mix period antiques with modern comforts for a balanced look.
  

Dining Rooms

Often separate rooms designed for entertaining, also the option of opening up the room making an open plan space.

• Colour Palette: Warm golds, deep purples, or dark teals  or wallpaper for a luxurious ambiance.
  

• Flooring: Maintain original wooden floors and add a period-style rug.
  

• Lighting: Chandeliers or wall-mounted gaslight-style fixtures.
  

• Storage: Retain or add built-in cabinetry and sideboards.
  

• Dado & Picture Rails: Use dado rails to define lower wall panelling and picture rails to add classic Victorian detailing.
  

Kitchens

Victorian kitchens were utilitarian but can be reimagined with period features and modern efficiency.

• Colour Palette: Soft greys, dark blue or terracotta heritage whites, or muted greens.
  

• Cabinetry: Shaker-style cupboards with brass or ceramic handles. Add a butchers sink,  for authenticity.
  

• Worktops: Butcher block, marble, or stone for a classic aesthetic.
  

• Lighting: Industrial-style pendant lights or period-appropriate sconces.

Bedrooms

Elegant spaces that can be both cosy and grand.

• Colour Palette: Soft pastels, muted pinks, or warm neutrals.
  

• Flooring: Wooden floors with Victorian-style rugs for warmth.
  

• Windows: Retain sash windows with heavy drapes or plantation shutters.
  

• Wardrobes: Built-in storage with panelled doors in keeping with Victorian aesthetics.
  

• Picture Rails: Use to elegantly display artwork or decorative elements.
  

Bathrooms

A Victorian style bathroom will be a classic, historical and luxurious addition.

• Colour Palette: Classic white with black accents, or soft blues and greys.
  

• Fixtures: Clawfoot baths, pedestal sinks, and high-level cistern toilets.
  

• Flooring & Tiles: Black and white checkered tiles or ornate ceramic patterns.
  

• Accessories: Traditional brass or chrome fixtures, vintage mirrors, and towel rails.
  

Conclusion

Renovating a Victorian home requires a thoughtful approach balancing restoration and updating the house to modern standards. Restoring period features and choosing sympathetic updates, you can enhance the timeless elegance of a Victorian property while ensuring it remains practical for contemporary living. Dado and picture rails are essential elements that contribute to the Victorian aesthetic, offering both functional and decorative appeal in almost every room. 

It all begins with an idea. Maybe you want to launch a business. Maybe you want to turn a hobby into something more. Or maybe you have a creative project to share with the world. Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.

GUIDE TO EDWARDIAN RENOVATIONS

History and Style of Edwardian Houses

The Edwardian  period started during the reign of King Edward VII (1901–1910) and continued into the early 1920s. The style of Edwardian homes marked a departure from the ornate and heavy Victorian era, embracing a lighter, more spacious, and refined aesthetic. Influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, Edwardian architecture focused on craftsmanship, simplicity, and the use of high-quality materials.

 William Morris characterised the Edwardian aesthetic with his focus on craftsmanship and quality, and designs inspired by nature. Morris famously said “have nothing in your house that you do not know to be useful or believe to be beautiful” a real shift from the fussiness of victorian homes.

Edwardian houses are characterised by:

• Red brick facades with decorative stone or timber accents, half pebbledash treatment and mock timber. Exterior Brick work used in a decorative way.
  

• Bay windows that allow for more natural light, bay windows could be square or rounded.
  

• Large, airy rooms with high ceilings, often wider than Victorian houses.
  

• Patterned tile pathways leading to front doors.
  

• Ornate wooden porches and stained-glass features.
  

• Wide hallways and spacious layouts, often incorporating grand staircases.
  

• Decorative cornices and mouldings, but less intricate than Victorian styles.
  

• Fireplaces in most rooms, often with wooden or tiled surrounds.
  

Renovation Tips

When renovating an Edwardian house, it is essential to preserve its historical features while updating it for modern living. Here are some key considerations:

Restoring Period Features

• Windows & Doors: Retain original sash windows and wooden doors, or replace with sympathetic replicas. Replace of repair any window shutters. Add well designed glazing to future proof and update the house to current building eco standards.
  

• Fireplaces: Restore original fireplaces or install period-appropriate reproductions.
  

• Flooring: Preserve original wooden floorboards or install reclaimed timber flooring.
  

• Plasterwork, Cornices, picture and Dado rails: Repair decorative mouldings and ceiling roses to maintain the house’s character. Reinstate or repair Dado and picture rails for an authentic period look.
  

• Paint Colours: Paint company's worth considering are Little Greene, which have paint specific to several eras. Farrow and Ball, many of their colours have been recreated to match heritage colours. Also Edward Bulmer  Natural Paints have period appropriate colours. All of these companies have guides to using their paint in period properties online.

Enhancing Natural Light

Edwardian homes often have large windows, but some spaces can still feel dark. Consider:

• Adding roof lights or skylights to increase natural light.
  
  Installing glass doors to open up spaces without losing period charm.
  

Modern Comforts with Period Charm

• Kitchen Extensions: Create an open-plan space while using materials like wood and stone to blend with original features.
  

• Bathroom Updates: Incorporate roll-top baths, traditional-style sinks, and period-style tiling.
  

• Energy Efficiency: Upgrade insulation, add solar panels and install secondary glazing to improve thermal efficiency without altering original windows.
  

Room-by-Room Renovation Guide

Hallways & Entrances

Edwardian hallways are typically wide and inviting, often featuring Encaustic tiled floors and wooden paneling.

• Flooring: Restore original patterned tiles or install period-style alternatives.
  

• Colour Palette: Soft greys, muted blues, or sage greens to maintain a classic feel.
  

• Lighting: Statement chandler or period-style wall sconces.
  

• Doors & Windows: Retain stained glass if present, or introduce period-style replicas.

• Panelling: Repair or install panels to add character and design interest to the hallway.

• Furniture: Console table, a statement chair, artworks and mirrors to add interest to the space.
  

Living Rooms

These rooms are often spacious with decorative fireplaces and large bay windows.

• Colour Palette: Warm neutrals, soft creams, muted pinks heritage greens or green blues.
  

• Fireplace: Restore original fireplaces or opt for cast-iron or tiled period-style fireplaces.
  

• Ceilings: Retain or restore decorative mouldings, cornice and ceiling roses.

• Lighting: A central  dimmable Chandelier, wall sconces and table Lamps will give a good mix of flattering lighting.

• Flooring: Restore or replace wooden floorboards. Add hand knotted Wool rugs for a cosy atmosphere.
  

• Furniture: Mix antique and modern pieces for a balanced look. Key accessories are artworks, books, mirrors and carefully chosen ceramics and glassware.

• Storage: Built in bookshelves with cupboards.

• Soft Furnishings: Curtains, blinds and cushions will elevate the room.

Dining Rooms

Many Edwardian homes have separate dining rooms, which can be made functional while preserving historical charm.

• Colour Palette: Deep reds, navy blues, or warm ochres to create a sophisticated atmosphere.
  

• Flooring: Restore wooden floors and add a oriental rug for warmth.
  

• Lighting: Chandeliers or period-style wall lights add a sense of grandeur.
  

• Fireplace & Storage: Incorporate built-in cabinetry or sideboards for storage.

• Curtains or blinds: Set the tone with an interesting window treatment.

• Furniture: Oak arts and Crafts style table and chairs antique would be best for authenticity.
  

Kitchens

While Edwardian kitchens were often small and utilitarian, modern renovations can blend classic elements with contemporary convenience.

• Colour Palette: Creams, pastel greens, or duck-egg/pastel blue for a fresh look.
  

• Cabinetry: Shaker-style units, The “ In frame” style is appropriate with brass or ceramic handles.
  

• Worktops: Butcher block or marble look granite for a traditional yet stylish feel.
  

• Lighting: Pendant lights over workspaces or a central chandelier.

• Flooring: Restore stone or wooden floors.

• Furniture: Instead of an Island consider a wooden rustic style farmhouse table with bench seating or antique chairs.

• Window treatments: Roman blinds work well and help to soften the space
  

Bedrooms

Edwardian bedrooms are typically spacious and can be styled elegantly while maintaining period features.

• Colour Palette: Soft lavenders, dusky pinks, or light blues for a tranquil ambiance.

• Wallpaper: Botanical and floral wallpaper.
  

• Flooring: Wooden floors with plush rugs for added comfort.
  

• Windows: Retain sash windows with period-appropriate curtains or shutters.
  

• Wardrobes: Built-in storage with paneling to match Edwardian aesthetics.

• Furniture:  Cast Iron or Upholstered beds, upholstered arm chair, chest of draws, bedside tables antique pieces work well here.

• Lighting: A small chandelier,  table lamps, wall lights.

• Window Treatment: Curtains if the windows are large, otherwise use 

• roman blinds.

• Accessories: Cushions, Mirrors artworks.

Bathrooms

Traditional Edwardian bathrooms often featured freestanding baths and detailed tiling.

• Colour Palette: White with black accents, soft pastels, or navy with brass fittings.
  

• Fixtures: Roll-top baths, pedestal sinks, and high-level cistern toilets.
  

• Flooring & Tiles: Black and white checkered tiles or period-style ceramic tiles.
  

• Accessories: Vintage mirrors, traditional towel rails, and wall-mounted lighting.
  

Conclusion

Renovating an Edwardian home means preserving period features while making thoughtful updates, you can maintain the character and elegance of the home while enhancing its comfort and functionality. A carefully chosen colour palette and period-appropriate furnishings mixed with some modern pieces can bring out the character of each room while ensuring the space remains practical for contemporary living.

My Guide Guide to Choosing Paint Colours by Room Orientation

Featuring: Farrow & Ball, Little Greene, and Edward Bulmer

Understanding Light and Colour in Interiors

Natural light dramatically changes how we perceive colour. Here's how:

Key Factors That Influence Colour Appearance:

• Time of Day: Morning light is cooler and sharper; afternoon light is warmer and softer.

• Window Direction: North-facing rooms get cooler, diffused light; south-facing rooms receive warm, consistent sunlight.

• Surface Reflectivity: Matte finishes absorb light; glossier paints reflect it.

• Surrounding Elements: Flooring, upholstery, and even window glass can cast coloured reflections on your walls.

NORTH-FACING ROOMS

Light Qualities:

• Grey, indirect light all day

• Cooler and dimmer, especially in the morning

• Shadows appear more bluish

Colour Strategy:

• Avoid cold or stark whites—they can feel sterile.

• Choose warm, rich tones or deep, moody hues to enhance coziness.

• Warm neutrals and earthy tones add balance.

Paint Colour Suggestions:

Brand Colour Tone & Description

Farrow & Ball Sulking Room Pink Romantic muted rose

Farrow & Ball Oval Room Blue Deep blue-green with grey

Farrow & Ball London Clay Earthy taupe with mauve

Farrow & Ball Pelt Dramatic aubergine purple

Little Greene Woodland Deep forest green

Little Greene Dark Lead Colour Warm charcoal

Little Greene Mushroom Warm, greyed-off neutral

Edward Bulmer Red Ochre Earthy red

Edward Bulmer Brick Rustic terracotta

Edward Bulmer Ochre Mustard yellow warmth

SOUTH-FACING ROOMS

Light Qualities:

• Bright, golden light throughout the day

• Makes colours appear warmer

• Can intensify bold tones

Colour Strategy:

• Most colours thrive here—bold, saturated, or dark shades especially.

• Use cooler tones to balance warmth.

• Whites and off-whites look creamy or golden in southern light.

  Brand Colour Tone & Description

  Farrow & Ball India Yellow Rich mustard gold

  Farrow & Ball Bancha Olive green

  Farrow & Ball Down Pipe Deep slate with blue

  Farrow & Ball Stone Blue Warm mid-blue

  Little Greene Ashes of roses Soft brownish redmm

  Little Greene Basalt Inky navy

  Little Greene Pompeian Ash Soft charcoal

  Little Greene Aquamarine Deep Jewel-toned teal

  Edward Bulmer Invisible Green Botanical, Victorian green

  Edward Bulmer Blue Verditer Powdery aqua

  Edward Bulmer Jonquil Gentle, happy yellow

EAST-FACING ROOMS

Light Qualities:

• Bright and cool in the morning

• Loses warmth in the afternoon

• Blue undertones are more apparent

Colour Strategy:

• Choose warm or sunlit colours that glow in early light.

• Soft pinks, yellows, or peaches are ideal.

• Neutrals with a hint of warmth stay friendly all day.

Brand Colour Tone & Description

Farrow & Ball Setting Plaster Subtle blush

Farrow & Ball Pink Ground Warm, earthy pink

Farrow & Ball Hay Soft straw yellow

Farrow & Ball Yeabridge Green Fresh and organic

Little Greene Light Peachblossom Delicate coral pink

Little Greene Stock Pale creamy neutral

Little Greene Olive Colour Warm, dusky green

Edward Bulmer Straw Gentle yellow beige

Edward Bulmer Drab Green Green-grey warmth

Edward Bulmer Apricot Soft, juicy orange tone

WEST-FACING ROOMS

Light Qualities:

• Cool and soft light in the morning

• Golden light in the evening

• Dramatic contrast from day to dusk

Colour Strategy:

• Choose cooler tones if used in the morning.

• Use warmer hues for evening-focused rooms.

• A good place for neutrals, greens, and complex pinks.

Brand Colour Tone & Description

Farrow & Ball Light Blue Soft duck egg blue

Farrow & Ball Skimming Stone Warm grey-beige

Farrow & Ball Calluna Light lilac-grey

Farrow & Ball Jitney Sandy beige

Little Greene Sage Green Warm muted green

Little Greene Celestial Blue Silvery sky blue

Little Greene Shirting Clean, soft white

Edward Bulmer Pale Naples Warm buttercream

Edward Bulmer Lead Colour Earthy slate green

Edward Bulmer Silk Creamy white with warmth

Multi-Aspect Rooms & Dual Light Sources

Understanding Dual-Aspect Light

Dual- and multi-aspect rooms receive light from more than one direction, which causes colour to shift throughout the day—often dramatically. For example:

• East + South: Bright, golden morning light; warmth deepens midday.

• North + West: Muted cool light in the morning, golden hues in the evening.

• Corner or L-shaped rooms: Light moves across the space; parts may feel shaded while others are sunlit.

Challenges:

Colour appears different depending on wall orientation

Can feel disjointed if not balanced

Solutions: